Linux Commands

Access Control

exit - terminate a shell (see "man sh" or "man csh")

logout - sign off; end session (C shell and bash shell only;)

passwd - change login password

rlogin - log in remotely to another UNIX system

ssh - secure shell

slogin - secure version of rlogin

yppasswd - change login password in yellow pages

Communications

mail - send and receive mail

mesg - permit or deny terminal messages and talk requests

pine - send and receive mail

talk - talk to another logged-in user

write - write to another logged-in user

Programming Tools

as - assembler, specific to each machine architecture

awk - pattern scanning and processing language

bc - online calculator

cc - C compiler

csh - C shell command interpreter

dbx - source-level debugging program

f77 - Fortran compiler

gdb - GNU Project debugger

gprof - display profile of called routines

kill - kill a process

ld - the UNIX loader

lex - generate lexical analysis programs

lint - check C source code

make - maintain large programs

maple - symbolic mathematics program

math - symbolic mathematics program

nice - run a command at low priority (see "man nice" or "man csh")

nohup - run a command immune to hangups

pc - Pascal compiler (xlp on ADS)

perl - Popular script interpreter

prof - display profile data

python - Python programming language

sh - Bourne shell command interpreter

yacc - generate input parsing programs

xcalc - graphical calulator under x

y

Documentation

apropos - locate commands by keyword lookup

find - locate file (i.e. find . -name *.tex -print)

info - start the info explorer program

man - find manual information about commands

whatis - describe what a command is

whereis - locate source, binary, or man page for a program

Editors

emacs - screen-oriented text editor

pico - screen-oriented text editor (renamed called nano)

sed - stream-oriented text editor

vi - full-screen text editor

vim - full-screen text editor ("vi-improved")

File and Directory Management

cd - change working directory

chmod - change the protection of a file or directory

chown - change owner (or group) of a file or directory

chgrp - change group of a file or directory

cmp - compare two files

comm - select/reject lines common to two sorted files

cp - copy files

crypt - encrypt/decrypt files (CCWF only)

diff - compare the contents of two ASCII files

file - determine file type

grep - search a file for a pattern

gzip - compress or expand files

ln - make a link to a file

ls - list the contents of a directory

lsof - list of open files

mkdir - create a directory

mv - move or rename files and directories

pwd - show the full pathname of your working directory

quota - display disk usage and limits

rm - delete (remove) files

rmdir - delete (remove) directories

stat - status of file (i.e. last access)

sync - flush filesystem buffers

sort - sort or merge files

tar - create or extract archives

tee - copy input to standard output and other files

tr - translate characters

umask - change default file protections

uncompress - restore compressed file

uniq - report (or delete) repeated lines in a file

wc - count lines, words, and characters in a file

File Display and Printing

cat - show the contents of a file; catenate files

fold - fold long lines to fit output device

head - show first few lines of a file

lpq - examine the printer spooling queue

lpr - print a file

lprm - remove jobs from the printer spooling queue

more - display a file, one screen at a time

less - like more with more features

page - like "more", but prints screens top to bottom

pr - paginate a file for printing

tail - show the last part of a file

zcat - display a compressed file

xv - show print, manipulate images

gv - show ps and pdf files

xpdf = shopw pdf files (use gv)

File Transfer

ftp - transfer files between network hosts

rsync - fast and flexible sync between computers

scp - secure version of rcp

Miscellaneous

alias - define synonym commands

chquota - change disk quota on ACITS UNIX systems

chsh - change default login shell

clear - clear terminal screen

echo - echo arguments

pbm - portable bitmap manipulation programs

popd - pop the directory stack (C shell only)

pushd - push directory on stack (C shell only)

script - make typescript of terminal session

setenv - set an environment variable (C shell only)

stty - set terminal options

News/Networks

netstat - show network status

rsh - run shell or command on another UNIX system

ssh - secure-shell version of rsh

Process Control

bg - put suspended process into background

fg - bring process into foreground

jobs - list processes

^y - suspend process at next input request

^z - suspend current process 

Status Information

clock - determine processor time

date - show date and time

df - summarize free disk space

du - summarize disk space used

env - display environment

finger - look up user information

history - list previously issued commands 

last - indicate last login of users

lpq - examine spool queue

manpath - show search path for man pages

printenv - print out environment

ps - show process status

pwd - print full pathname of working directory

set - set shell variables (C shell, bash, or ksh)

spend - lists year-to-date ACITS UNIX charges

stty - set terminal options

time - timing programs

top - list  top  cpu processes

uptime - show system load, how long system has been up

w - show who is on system, what command each job is executing

who - show who is logged onto the system

whois - Internet user name directory service

whoami - who owns the shell

Image Processing

gimp - photoshop type image processing program

xfig - drawing program

xv - image viewer

xvscan - scan picture 

xpaint - paint program

kpaint - kde paint program 

Sound

mplayer - mpg player 

realplay - realaudio player

timidity - midi to wav converter and player

xmms - mp3 player 

Text Processing

abiword - open source word processor

addbib - create or extend bibliographic database

col - filter reverse line feeds

diction - identify wordy sentences 

diffmk - mark differences between files

dvips - convert TeX DVI files into PostScript

explain - explain phrases found by diction program

grap - pic preprocessor for drawing graphs 

hyphen - find hyphenated words 

ispell - check spelling interactively

latex - format text in LaTeX (based on TeX)

pdfelatex - latex with pdf output 

latex2html - Latex to html

lookbib - find bibliography references

macref - make cross-reference listing of nroff/troff macro files

ndx - create a subject-page index for a document

neqn - format mathematics with nroff

nroff - format text for simple display

pic - make simple pictures for troff input

psdit - filter troff output for Apple LaserWriter

ptx - make permuted index (not on CCWF)

refer - insert references from bibliographic databases 

roffbib - run off bibliographic database 

sortbib - sort bibliographic database 

spell - find spelling errors

ispell - interactive spell checker

style - analyze surface characteristics of a document 

tbl - format tables for nroff/troff

tex - format text

tpic - convert pic source files into TeX commands 

wget -  grab webpage

X windows

grabmode - info on screen: i.e. "1152x864"  51.213kHz/56.59Hz

import - grab window (i.e. import ppm:- >out.ppm)

xdpyinfo -  number of colors 

xkill - kill xwindow

xlock - lock screen

xterm - xterminal

xwininfo - information on open window

Web

html2ps - html to ps

latex2html - latex to html translator

lynx - text based webbrowser

netscape - webbrowser

sitecopy - sitecopy is for easily maintaining remote web sites.

weblint - html sytax and style checker